Review Process for Archaeology Sites

Archaeological sites and cemeteries are two types of historic sites as defined above. Anne Arundel County has more recorded archaeological sites than any other county in Maryland, however, many more remain to be discovered. The assessment of archaeological potential for unknown sites is generally based on topographic and environmental settings. Prehistoric sites are generally found within 500' of potable water (which may include extinct springs), on flat, well-drained soils, and in areas of ecological diversity. The highest potential for such sites is along the tidewater or the Patuxent and its tributaries. The same factors are operable for early colonial period sites. Later historic sites can be found in more wide-ranging locales such as farmsteads or homes along old roads or railroads. The location of known sites is generally kept as restricted access to prevent looting.

Along with federal and state laws protecting archaeological resources, the County also protects such sites during its review of residential and commercial subdivisions, critical area allocations, during zoning changes, etc.

In practice the following procedures are followed:

• Each subdivision is reviewed by the County Archaeologist to determine the effect of the proposed action on significant archaeological sites. Each review determines whether there are known archaeological sites or a high potential for significant archaeological sites. Known sites are those that are listed on or eligible for the Maryland Archaeological Sites Survey and the National Register of Historic Places.
• If there are known archaeological sites or a high potential for significant archaeological sites, the subdivision applicant conducts a "Phase I" archaeological survey to determine the nature and number of archaeological sites. Archaeological investigations must be performed under the supervision of qualified professionals meeting standards outlined by the National Park Service in 36 CFR 800 of the National Historic Preservation Act.
• If archaeological sites are found as a result of a Phase I investigation, then the subdivision applicant, using qualified professionals, shall conduct further investigations to determine the level of significance. If the sites are not significant, then the proposed subdivision may proceed. If the sites are significant, then the applicant shall avoid the archaeological sites or conduct an approved data recovery investigation prior to disturbance.
• Anne Arundel County does not allow cemeteries to be moved from their original location as small family cemeteries hold an important place in the fabric of our communities and remembering what came before the subdivisions (need to work this- why they are treated differently from archaeology sites).
• If the subdivision applicant chooses to avoid the significant archaeological site(s), then preservation easements or covenants shall be required.
• All archaeological investigations must be conducted prior to the approval of the Final Phase subdivision plan.

For further information contact Al Luckenbach or Jane Cox of the Office of Environmental and Cultural Resources at (410) 222-7441.